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Foundational · Renaissance

Three Books of Occult Philosophy

by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim

Renaissance occult philosophy / Christian Hermeticism

Three Books of Occult Philosophy is Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's great synthesis of Renaissance magic, the most comprehensive occult treatise of its age. It organises the magical worldview into three ascending tiers — the natural, the celestial, and the intellectual or divine.

Natural magic works through the hidden virtues of stones, plants, and elements; celestial magic through number, harmony, and the influence of the stars; and ceremonial magic through the powers of the intelligible world, names, and spirits. Binding all three is the doctrine of correspondence — that the human being, as microcosm, is linked to every level of the cosmos and can act upon it through knowledge.

For centuries the standard sourcebook of Western magic, it transmitted the Hermetic-Kabbalistic vision of a unified, mind-answering universe to every later occult revival.

In its words

Seeing there is a three-fold World, Elementary, Celestiall, and Intellectual, and every inferior is governed by its superior, and receiveth the influence of the vertues thereof.

Practices it teaches

The Vehement Imagination — a fixed image charged with strong affection

Agrippa treats the imagination joined to vehement affection as a genuine operative faculty. In Three Books of Occult Philosophy he argues that "a vehement cogitation, whilest it vehemently moves the species…

Contemplation of Correspondences — ascending the chain from thing to archetype

Agrippa's whole system rests on a chain of correspondences linking three worlds: "Seeing there is a three-fold World, Elementary, Celestiall, and Intellectual, and every inferior is governed by its superior, and…

Dignifying the Soul — purifying the mind for ascent

For Agrippa, no operation of the higher magic is possible without first dignifying and purifying the operator's own soul.

Lineage

What it drew on
Hermes TrismegistusMarsilio FicinoGiovanni Pico della MirandolaJohannes TrithemiusNeoplatonismKabbalah
What it shaped
John DeeGolden DawnEliphas LeviWestern ceremonial magicRenaissance natural magic tradition

The author

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von NettesheimThe three-world correspondence system of magic Full voice →

Key terms

Kindred books