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Pillars · 1958

Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science

by Werner Heisenberg

Quantum physics (Copenhagen interpretation)

Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science reflects on the conceptual upheaval wrought by quantum mechanics. Its central claim is that the sharp Cartesian split between observer and observed breaks down at the quantum level, and that physics describes our knowledge of nature rather than nature as a thing wholly independent of the questions put to it.

Drawing on the uncertainty principle and the Copenhagen interpretation, Heisenberg argues that the act of measurement plays an irreducible role in what can be said about a quantum system, and reflects philosophically on the limits of language and concept in describing the atomic world.

The position is carefully epistemic and bounded, never a claim that human wishes shape physical reality. The work remains the textbook example of legitimate quantum philosophy that later popular "quantum manifestation" culture inflated into a mysticism Heisenberg himself did not endorse.

In its words

We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning.

The ideas it carries

Lineage

What it drew on
Niels BohrMax BornArnold SommerfeldPlato
What it shaped
Fritjof CapraHenry Stappquantum-consciousness authorspopular 'quantum manifestation' culture (a misappropriation)

The author

Werner Heisenberg Werner HeisenbergUncertainty principle and the observer's role Full voice →

Key terms

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