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Pillars · 1946

Man's Search for Meaning

by Viktor Frankl

Existential psychology / logotherapy

Man's Search for Meaning joins Viktor Frankl's account of survival in the Nazi concentration camps to an exposition of logotherapy, the school of psychotherapy he founded. Its central claim is that the decisive power lies not in circumstance but in the meaning a person assigns to it, and that the will to meaning is the deepest human motivation.

The book moves from memoir to method. Against Freud's will-to-pleasure and Adler's will-to-power, Frankl argues that meaning can be found through work, through love, and even through unavoidable suffering, and that logotherapy treats the "existential vacuum" as a primary clinical concern. His most quoted insight holds that everything can be taken from a person but the last of the human freedoms—the freedom to choose one's attitude in any given circumstance.

One of the most influential psychological works of the century, it offers a clinical, hard-won statement of the perennial conviction that the inner stance, not the outer event, is decisive.

In its words

Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances.

What is to give light must endure burning.

Between stimulus and response there is a space, and in that space is our power to choose.

The ideas it carries

Practices it teaches

Dereflection — turn attention away from the self

Dereflection is Viktor Frankl's logotherapy technique for the problems caused by too much self-observation. Frankl noticed that excessive self-monitoring ("hyper-reflection") and excessive effort to force a…

Paradoxical Intention — wish for the very thing you fear

Paradoxical intention is a logotherapy technique in which a person, instead of fighting a feared symptom, deliberately wishes for or exaggerates it — usually with a touch of humor.

Finding Meaning — The Three Avenues

The Three Avenues is Viktor Frankl's account, from logotherapy, of where meaning is actually found — not as an abstraction but as three concrete paths anyone can walk.

Lineage

What it drew on
Sigmund FreudAlfred AdlerMax SchelerSøren Kierkegaard
What it shaped
Existential psychotherapyPositive psychologyIrvin YalomMeaning-centered therapies

The author

Viktor Frankl Viktor FranklThe will to meaning Full voice →

Key terms

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